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Compare Spratly Islands (2005) - Malawi (2002)
Compare Spratly Islands (2005) z Malawi (2002)
| Spratly Islands (2005) | Malawi (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 44% (male 2,358,730; female 2,347,017)
15-64 years: 53.2% (male 2,810,478; female 2,884,601) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 120,761; female 180,237) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts |
| Airports | 3 (2004 est.) | 44 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 37
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 22 (2002) |
| Area | total: less than 5 sq km
land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea |
total: 118,480 sq km
land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km |
| Area - comparative | NA | slightly smaller than Pennsylvania |
| Background | The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim. | Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. |
| Birth rate | - | 37.13 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $490 million
expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.) |
| Capital | - | Lilongwe |
| Climate | tropical | sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) |
| Coastline | 926 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | 18 May 1994 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Spratly Islands |
conventional long form: Republic of Malawi
conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland |
| Currency | - | Malawian kwacha (MWK) |
| Death rate | - | 23.2 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $2.8 billion (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Roger A. MEECE
embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] (1) 773 166 FAX: [265] (1) 770 471 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO
chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007 FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976 |
| Disputes - international | all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratlys | Malawi and Tanzania maintain a largely dormant dispute over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and current location of historical boundary in meandering Songwe River |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $427 million (1999) (1999) |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored; there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. | Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 767.25 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 825 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 3%
hydro: 97% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m |
lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m
highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | - | Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European |
| Exchange rates | - | Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 67.3111 (December 2001), 72.1973 (2001), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 38-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3% |
| Exports | - | $415.5 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel |
| Exports - partners | - | South Africa 18%, Germany 13%, US 13%, UK 10%, Japan 7%, Netherlands 3% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | - | three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $7 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 40%
industry: 19% services: 41% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $660 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 1.7% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 8 38 N, 111 55 E | 13 30 S, 34 00 E |
| Geography - note | strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs | landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature |
| Government - note | - | the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature |
| Highways | - | total: 14,594 km
paved: 2,773 km unpaved: 11,821 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | $463.6 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment |
| Imports - partners | - | South Africa 40%, UK 11%, Zimbabwe 7%, Japan 5%, Germany 2%, US 1.8%, Zambia (2000) |
| Independence | - | 6 July 1964 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 2.5% (2001 est.) |
| Industries | - | tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 119.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 28.6% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 7 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 280 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts |
| Labor force | - | 4.5 million (2001 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 86% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 2,881 km
border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land: 19.93%
permanent crops: 1.33% other: 78.74% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | - | English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally |
| Legal system | - | based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96, MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 36.59 years
male: 36.05 years female: 37.15 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 58% male: 72.8% female: 43.4% (1999 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines | Southern Africa, east of Zambia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | NA | none (landlocked) |
| Military - note | Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam | - |
| Military branches | - | Army (including Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (including paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $9.5 million (FY00/01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 0.76% (FY00/01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 2,535,207 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 1,301,625 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Malawian(s)
adjective: Malawian |
| Natural hazards | typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals | NA |
| Natural resources | fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential | limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | National Democratic Alliance [Brown MPINGANJIRA] |
| Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004) |
10,701,824
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 54% (FY90/91 est. ) |
| Population growth rate | - | 1.39% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001) |
| Radios | - | 2.6 million (1997) |
| Railways | - | total: 797 km
narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2001) |
| Religions | - | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%, other 2% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: NA
domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 38,000 (1999) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 49,000 (2000) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 1 (2001) |
| Terrain | flat | narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains |
| Total fertility rate | - | 5.04 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA% |
| Waterways | - | 144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall |
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